Those making the claim that we need to cut development drastically to stop human-caused global climate change have been saying “the debate is over” about three, basic items for about 20 years:
- The earth is warming
- Man is causing it
- We have to cut back development to stop it
That there’s no debate used to be almost true of the first point. It’s never been true of the other two, though it was closer about 10 years ago: a growing number of scientists dispute how much man is the cause of the warming, pointing to factors like solar effects on clouding, ocean currents, and the earth’s rhythmic cycles; and sensible people everywhere note that even the most drastic plans to cut back will not affect global temperature enough to matter, and we just have to get used to warmer weather. However, on the first point — that the earth is warming — there’s been very little serious disagreement.
Until recently.
Today, that’s on the table, too. Two things have happened:
- The earth’s measured temperature stopped rising around 1998, and this year it fell dramatically. There hasn’t been any warming for 10 years, so far as we can tell.
- It’s becoming apparent that much of the warming we’ve seen in the last 30 years has been because of bad measurements.
Temperatures Rising?
First item first. Yesterday, Hot Air noted a blog entry at DailyTech showing that all four of the global temperature tracking agencies had updated their 2007 data, and that global temperatures had fallen dramatically.
This is not surprising to some of us who have been following the reports, though, because in actual fact, global temperature readings have not risen since 1998. Take a look at this graph showing the readings of the four global tracking agencies (two by satellite, two from ground stations) since 1979. This was adjusted through a smoothing algorithm to eliminate some of the “noise,” but you can find the original graph at the link provided above:

All the measurements agree, there’s been no increase in global temperature since 1998 (all but one say we’ve cooled since 1998), and this year, we took a dive. Meanwhile, global CO2 continues to rise. Something other than CO2 seems to be driving the weather.
Stations Going Dark
Now look at the second item, that our measurements are broken. It’s not as though we can slip a thermometer under the globe’s tongue and wait five minutes in order to get a reading. Measuring the earth’s temperature is tricky. It involves taking temperature readings at thousands of weather stations around the globe, averaging them intelligently, and noting trends in the measurements. The temperatures have to be adjusted for factors that affect the readings, like urban heat island effects (cities get hotter), lighting, altitude, and such. The outcome of massaging the data depends a lot on who’s doing the massaging, and how.
When the Soviet Union collapsed between 1989 and 1992, a large number of weather stations from that nation stopped reporting altogether. The Soviet Union’s weather stations constituted a large percentage of the Arctic weather stations in the data sample, because Russia’s got a longer Arctic border than anybody else. No adjustment was made for the loss of those stations — and suddenly, around 1990, the earth’s temperature readings showed dramatic warming. The AGW crowd likes to speak of the 1990s as “the hottest decade ever.” but that might just be because of the loss of a large number of cold-weather stations. It would be like measuring the average height at the elementary school over a number of years, and suddenly one year the kindergarten class got cut.
Look at this graph(1) produced by Prof. Ross McKitrick of the University of Guelph, in Ontario:

That sharp decline in measuring stations corresponds closely to a sharp rise in temperature readings. Has anybody adjusted for the loss of stations in 1990? Not that I know of.
Millennium Bug
In August last year, science bloggers noted a sharp anomaly in NASA’s surface temperature readings around January of 2000. They had to reverse-engineer NASA’s graphing algorithm, since NASA refused to cooperate, but after reproducing NASA’s results, they notified NASA that they’d discovered a Y2K bug in the algorithm. NASA quietly adjusted their data the next posting cycle… and suddenly, 1998 was not the hottest year on record anymore.
As a result of the changes, four of the 10 hottest years on record now occur in the 1930s, whereas only 3 occur in the last 10 years.
Broken Thermometers
A recent comment on my blog by Evan Jones (you have to click on the link and then scroll down, it’s the long one at the bottom) reintroduced me to the work of Anthony Watts, whose blog site, Watts Up With That?, seems to come up every time I google climate change issues. Watts is a retired weatherman who does science for fun. Guys who do science for fun are responsible for a surprising number of epochal changes in science, things like genetics and relativity. I don’t know if Watts is in that league, but he’s making quite a stir in climate science these days.
Watts leads a citizen task force that’s evaluating just how sound our surface temperature readings have been, and what they’ve found so far is alarming: most of the weather stations were established in rural areas to avoid urban heat sources, but since around 1980, suburbia has crept out around them. They’re finding and photographing reading stations located just a few feet from the exhausts of air conditioners, located on asphalt roofs, located next to parking lots; this is in addition to the recognized urban heat island effect, which itself might be underestimated. None of Watts’ discovered problems are adjusted for by surface reading agencies. So far, the net bias of stations reviewed by the project suggests readings 2 degrees C high. Since the rise in global temperatures in the 20th century is less than 1 degree C, this bias could easily account for all the global warming we’ve been seeing… just because suburbia encroached on the thermometers.
Check out this photograph from Watt’s slide show. I’ve circled the sensor stand in the photo, or you might miss it.

The issues here are the concrete, the gravel, the cinder block building, and the boat. These apparently are all new additions since the placement of the sensor stand. As Evan Jones’ comment pointed out, all you have to do to raise the temperature of a greenhouse is to put a big rock in it; exposed masses with high specific heat, like concrete, steel, and stone, absorb solar radiation, hold it, and radiate it out slowly. Thus, building a concrete-and-steel cell phone tower and a cinder block building next to the sensor drives the temperatures from that sensor up, and keeps them artificially high.
So far, Watt’s project has surveyed only a fraction of all the weather stations, and only in the US; however, the US weather collection system is regarded as the Cadillac of the world’s systems (Australia’s may be just as good or better). Similar effects, or different biases, could be found elsewhere.
The verdict seems to be that the earth may not be warming at all. Global warming is, as of this writing, not a clearly established fact.
The past 20 years or so have seen activists attempting to shame and bully the entire world into turning political power over to them in order to stave off the destruction of the planet via the greenhouse effect. It’s a remarkable and powerful attempt, and if truth and learning survive the onslaught (which is still very much in doubt), will serve as a cautionary tale for centuries about how vigilant we must be to protect our liberty.
(1) Horner, Christopher, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming, Regnery Publishing, 2007, p. 112.
Update: Anthony Watts, whose project I highlighted in this post, responded in the Comments section and corrected a few items. Following the links in his comments, I found a much better illustration of the effect of suburban growth on weather sensor readings
at the web site for his project. Here it is. The graphs are temperature readings over the past 100 years at each of the two stations, both of which have been reporting from the same location for the entire period, as reported by GISS (NASA). Notice the difference in the readings over time between the station that has been maintained properly, and the one around which growth was permitted:

